Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biocompatibility of PC capsules: (A–B) cell viability of HUVECs (A) and NIH/3T3 cells (B) treated with different concentrations of PC capsules for 24 h detected by MTT assay; (C–D) toxic staining of PC capsules on HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells detected by living/dead cell staining; (E) photos of the backs of mice after receiving a subcutaneous injection of PC capsules and subcutaneous PC capsules after injection at day 4 and day 7; (F) slices of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys) in mice after 14 days of PC capsule administration; scale bar = 100 μm. Serum liver function indicators were: (G) ALT and (H) AST. Serum renal function indicators were: (I) BUN and (J) CRE. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ns (p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, MTT Assay, Staining, Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules increased cell viability under H 2 O 2 stimulation: cell viability of HUVECs (A) and NIH/3T3 (B) cells treated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 for 6 h detected by MTT assay; viability of H 2 O 2 ‐treated HUVECs (C) and NIH/3T3 cells (D) with different concentrations of PC capsule pretreatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, MTT Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules restored cell function in H 2 O 2 -treated HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells. HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells were treated with PC capsules for 24 h and H 2 O 2 for 6 h. (A) Images of HUVEC migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , NAC, PC capsules after 24 h; (B) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for HUVECs; (C) images of NIH/3T3 cell migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , NAC, PC capsules after 24 h; (D) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for NIH/3T3 cells; (E–F) digital images of endothelial cell microtubule formation after treatment with H 2 O 2 , NAC, and PC capsules. Quantification of (G) number of branch sites, (H) total lengths and (I) numbers of tube nodes. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs. H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Cell Function Assay, Migration, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules improved mitochondrial function in H 2 O 2 -treated HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells: (A–D) elimination of ROS from HUVECs (A, C) and NIH/3T3 (B, D) cells by PC capsules as determined by MitoSOX; (E–H) assessment of PC-mediated HUVECs (E, G) and NIH/3T3 cells (F, H) MMP using TMRM assays; (I–J) effects of PC capsules on ATP production in HUVECs (I) and NIH/3T3 cells (J). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, ####p < 0.0001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 (vs. H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsule–mediated cytoprotection via promoting activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in HUVECs treated with PC capsules for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (A); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (B) and p-AKT/AKT (C); expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in NIH/3T3 cells treated with PC capsules for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (D); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (E) and p-AKT/AKT (F). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs PC group or vs H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Capsules, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules improve HUVEC and NIH/3T3 cell dysfunction by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling. HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells were treated with PC capsules and LY294002 for 24 h and H 2 O 2 for 6 h. (A) Images of HUVEC migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , LY294002, PC capsules after 24 h; (B) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for HUVECs; (C) images of NIH/3T3 cell migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , LY294002, PC capsules after 24 h; (D) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for NIH/3T3 cells; (E–F) digital images of endothelial cell microtubule formation after treatment with H 2 O 2 , LY294002, and PC capsules. Quantification of (G) number of branch sites, (H) total lengths and (I) numbers of tube nodes (J); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (K) and p-AKT/AKT (L); expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in NIH/3T3 cells treated with PC capsules, and LY294002 for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (M); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (N) and p-AKT/AKT (O). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs PC group or vs LY294002 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Migration, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 10 Gy X‐ray on viability of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells. Blue: untreated controls; Pink: irradiated cells. Cell counts were conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h post‐treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.005 (**), p < 0.0005 (***), p < 0.0001 (****), n = 3. Note: Y ‐axes are scaled independently for each cell line to account for differences in baseline growth, allowing clearer visualization of treatment effects. Tumor cell counts and representative images can be found in Appendix Table and Figure .

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques: Irradiation

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of untreated NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells and cells exposed to X‐ray. Scalebar: 300 µm.

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques:

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viability of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells after treatment with IMP‐1700 (5 µM), ciprofloxacin (CPX) (15 µM), their combination, or DMSO, with and without 10 Gy X‐ray. Cell counts were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h post‐treatment. Statistical significance assessed via two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.005 (**), p < 0.0005 (***), p < 0.0001 (****), n = 3. Significant differences are only shown compared to untreated or 10 Gy. Tumor cell count values and images are available in Appendix Table and Figure , , , .

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques: Cell Characterization

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells treated with IMP‐1700, with and without X‐ray. Scalebar: 300 µm.

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques:

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells treated with ciprofloxacin (CPX), with and without X‐ray. Scalebar: 300 µm.

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques:

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells treated with IMP‐1700 and ciprofloxacin (CPX), with and without X‐ray. Scalebar: 300 µm.

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques:

Journal: MicrobiologyOpen

Article Title: Synergistic Effects of IMP‐1700, Ciprofloxacin, and X‐Ray Radiation in Bacteria and Mammalian Cell Lines: Implications for Use in Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

doi: 10.1002/mbo3.70270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of NIH‐3T3, B16.F10, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2 cells treated with DMSO, with and without X‐ray. Scalebar: 300 µm.

Article Snippet: The tumor cell lines, mouse melanoma B16.F10 (CRL‐6475, ATCC), human breast cancer MB‐MDA‐231 (CRM‐HTB‐26, ATCC), human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 C3A (a derivative of HepG2, CRL‐3581, ATCC), as well as the noncancerous mouse fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3 (CRL‐1658, ATCC), were cultivated at 37°C, 5% CO2.

Techniques: